Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, neurodegenerative disorder that in certain stages can present a series of acute symptoms and signs, the development of which lasts several hours or days. Emergencies in PD can be a direct consequence of the pathophysiology of the disease or a secondary consequence of the administration of antiparkinsonian drugs. Urgent conditions in PD can also occur due to falls, infectious diseases, after deep brain stimulation or surgical treatment of other accompanying diseases.This article describes the following emergency conditions: parkinsonism-hyperpyrexia syndrome, dyskinesia hyperpyrexia syndrome, occurrence of acute psychosis and delirium during PD. Morbidity and mortality in these disorders are a consequence of the inability to make a timely diagnosis and provide appropriate therapeutic treatment. Timely diagnosis and treatment are very important for reducing the mortality and morbidity rates.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by impaired glycemic control, which increases the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic complications. Exercise is a key non-pharmacological intervention known to improve blood glucose regulation, but the acute effects of different exercise modalities on glycemic control in T2DM remain unclear. The aim of this systematic review was to critically analyze and synthesize the existing body of research on the acute effects of various exercise modalities on glycemic control in patients with T2DM. This systematic review included studies involving adults (≥ 18 years) with T2DM where structured exercise program is the primary or significant intervention, assessing outcomes related to glycemic control (HbA1c, and fasting glucose). A comprehensive search was conducted across two electronic databases (Web of Science and PubMed) using structured search terms like "acute", "exercise", "type 2 diabetes", and "glycemic control". Study selection involved two independent reviewers screening articles, with disagreements resolved through discussion or third-party consultation, followed by detailed data extraction on study characteristics, intervention details, and outcomes. Ten studies were identified that met all inclusion criteria. This systematic review highlights that moderate intensity continuous training and high-intensity interval training have positive acute effects on glycemic control in individuals with T2DM. These findings suggest that both modalities are effective non-pharmacological strategies for optimizing glycemic control in patients T2DM.

Pre-eclampsia is a multiorgan disease process characterized by hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. The aim of the study was to assess the serum level of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in pregnant women as a predictor for pre-eclampsia. A case control study was carried out in Baghdad Teaching Hospital from 2020 to 2021. A sample of 192 pregnant women in the third trimester participated in the study and were divided into two main groups. The first group enrolled 96 normotensive pregnant women (control group), and the second group included 96 patients with pre-eclampsia (as a case group). The latter group was subdivided into 36 patients with mild to moderate pre-eclampsia, and 60 with severe pre eclampsia. Blood samples were taken from each woman (case and control group) to test the AMH level, liver function tests, renal function tests, serum uric acid, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and complete blood picture. Urine samples were analyzed for albumin concentration and spot urine was assessed for protein-to-creatinine ratio. Anti-Müllerian hormone levels were significantly lower in the case group than in the control group (p < 0.001). In the control group, the AMH level was 4.92 ± 1.79 ng/ml, while for mild to moderate pre-eclampsia group, it was 1.56 ± 0.21 ng/ml, and 0.42 ± 0.38 ng/ml for severe pre-eclampsia. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure showed significant higher values in the case group (p < 0.001). Gestational age, serum uric acid and serum albumin had moderate correlation with AMH in pre-eclampsia with significant association. The level of AMH was decreased significantly in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia in comparison to healthy
 pregnancy.