The use of macronutrient and micronutrient foods is associated with the duration of sleep. This study aimed to determine the effect of zinc supplements on the sleep quality of older adults. The current parallel randomized clinical trial study was performed using a convenience sampling method. One hundred and fifty older adults who met the inclusion criteria were assigned to intervention and control group. The participants in the intervention group received a daily dose of 30 mg zinc supplementation pill for 70 days and the control group did not receive any supplement. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Serum zinc level in both groups was measured through the auto-analysis method. The questionnaire was completed and the serum level of zinc was measured twice, before the intervention and 70 days after the intervention. Both groups were homogeneous in terms of demographic variables, sleep quality, and serum zinc level before the intervention. Of all, 73.3% of older adults in the intervention group and 74.7% of older adults in the control group had poor sleep quality. Sleep quality in the intervention group, as compared with the control group, significantly improved after the intervention. Furthermore, serum zinc levels in older adults in the intervention group, as compared with the control group, significantly increased after the intervention. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended to utilize zinc supplementation as a new therapeutic approach for improving sleep quality in older adults.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, neurodegenerative disorder that in certain stages can present a series of acute symptoms and signs, the development of which lasts several hours or days. Emergencies in PD can be a direct consequence of the pathophysiology of the disease or a secondary consequence of the administration of antiparkinsonian drugs. Urgent conditions in PD can also occur due to falls, infectious diseases, after deep brain stimulation or surgical treatment of other accompanying diseases.This article describes the following emergency conditions: parkinsonism-hyperpyrexia syndrome, dyskinesia hyperpyrexia syndrome, occurrence of acute psychosis and delirium during PD. Morbidity and mortality in these disorders are a consequence of the inability to make a timely diagnosis and provide appropriate therapeutic treatment. Timely diagnosis and treatment are very important for reducing the mortality and morbidity rates.

Restoring the morphological and functional integrity of damaged or lost teeth and replacing them with suitable materials remains a significant challenge in modern dentistry. A continuous development of new restorative materials aims to improve mechanical properties, aesthetic outcomes, and longevity of dental restorations, while minimizing adverse biological effects. Biocompatibility represents a fundamental requirement of all dental materials, referring to their ability to perform a specific function in the oral environment without eliciting undesirable local or systemic tissue responses. The oral mucosa, including the lips, is constantly exposed to numerous physical, chemical, and biological agents that may act as irritants or sensitizers. Given that most dental materials are designed for prolonged intraoral use, their continuous contact with oral tissues can influence mucosal integrity and function. Clinical manifestations of adverse reactions vary in severity and presentation, often depending on the material composition, exposure duration, and individual patient sensitivity. Local tissue reactions associated with dental materials include conditions such as oral stomatitis, mechanical trauma, thermal and chemical burns, toxic effects, and allergic reactions. Accurate diagnosis and identification of the underlying causative factor are essential for selecting appropriate therapeutic measures and preventing complications. The growing demand for aesthetic and durable restorations underscores the importance of continuous evaluation and improvement of material biocompatibility in contemporary dental practice.